Compound research
GLP-3
Retatrutide is described in the literature as an investigational peptide agonist of the GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptors. The references below establish research identity and study…
Read references →Research library
Compound references and analytical guides
Trace the literature behind each compound, understand what the study model can support, and connect published context to lot-specific analytical evidence.
Compounds
Source-mapped research pages
Compound research
GHK-Cu
GHK is a naturally occurring tripeptide that binds copper. The cited literature discusses cellular signaling, skin-model, and tissue-remodeling research; it does not verify the composition…
Read references →Compound research
Tesamorelin
Tesamorelin is a stabilized growth-hormone-releasing-hormone analog. These references identify its research class and analytical context; they do not constitute directions for use or…
Read references →Compound research
NAD+
NAD+ is a redox coenzyme and metabolic substrate involved in many cellular processes. These broad reviews explain the biochemical context; they are not claims that adding exogenous NAD+…
Read references →Compound research
MOTS-c
MOTS-c is a mitochondrial-derived peptide encoded within mitochondrial 12S rRNA. Published work includes cell and animal metabolic models; those findings do not establish human safety,…
Read references →Compound research
CJC-1295 / Ipamorelin
The blend combines two distinct research compounds. References are separated by constituent because studies of either constituent are not evidence for the combined commercial preparation.
Read references →Compound research
BPC-157 / TB-500 (Wolverine)
Wolverine contains BPC-157 and TB-500. Astral does not imply that separate constituent studies establish a combined effect; each component's evidence is presented on its own research page.
Read references →Compound research
KPV
KPV is the Lys-Pro-Val C-terminal tripeptide of alpha-MSH. Published work examines signaling and antimicrobial or inflammatory-pathway models; it does not establish human safety or…
Read references →Compound research
Glutathione
Glutathione is a central cellular thiol and redox buffer. These reviews explain its biochemical role; they do not imply that a supplied research preparation produces a specific human…
Read references →Compound research
Melanotan I
Melanotan I is a linear alpha-MSH analog associated with the afamelanotide research lineage. Clinical publications establish that lineage but do not verify or authorize use of Astral…
Read references →Methods
Read the analytical record
Live evidence coverage
Testing transparency
How released batch records become public evidence, and what those records can and cannot support.
Review live coverage →Analytical guide
How to read a peptide Certificate of Analysis
A useful COA identifies the sample or lot, laboratory, analytical date, methods, and reported results. Match the lot on the received vial to the certificate; a catalog-wide purity claim is not a substitute for batch-specific evidence.
Read guide →Analytical guide
What HPLC purity does—and does not—show
No. HPLC separates detected components under a stated method and reports relative peak area. It can support a purity assessment, but molecular identity requires separate evidence and the result applies to the analyzed sample, not every batch.
Read guide →Analytical guide
Mass spectrometry and peptide identity
Mass spectrometry compares observed mass-to-charge signals with the expected molecular mass. It can support identity, but it does not by itself quantify chromatographic purity, sterility, endotoxin, or net peptide content.
Read guide →Editorial boundary
References describe published research, not Astral product performance. Product identity, purity, and other attributes must be evaluated against the released lot certificate. Read the source policy.